Title |
Smallpox and its control in Canada.
|
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Published in |
Canadian Medical Association Journal, December 1999
|
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
J W McIntyre, C S Houston |
Abstract |
Edward Jenner's first treatise in 1798 described how he used cowpox material to provide immunity to the related smallpox virus. He sent this treatise and some cowpox material to his classmate John Clinch in Trinity, Nfld., who gave the first smallpox vaccinations in North America. Dissemination of the new technique, despite violent criticism, was rapid throughout Europe and the United States. Within a few years of its discovery, vaccination was instrumental in controlling smallpox epidemics among aboriginal people at remote trading posts of the Hudson's Bay Company. Arm-to-arm transfer at 8-day intervals was common through most of the 19th century. Vaccination and quarantine eliminated endemic smallpox throughout Canada by 1946. The last case, in Toronto in 1962, came from Brazil. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Canada | 1 | 50% |
Unknown | 1 | 50% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 2 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 13 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Bachelor | 4 | 31% |
Student > Master | 4 | 31% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 2 | 15% |
Professor | 1 | 8% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 1 | 8% |
Other | 1 | 8% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Arts and Humanities | 4 | 31% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 3 | 23% |
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 1 | 8% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 1 | 8% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 1 | 8% |
Other | 3 | 23% |